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This paper describes an approach to representing cases as nested graph-structures, i.e., as hierarchically, spatially, temporally and causally interconnected nodes (case nodes), which may be themselves recursively described by other sets of interconnected nodes. Each case node represents a case piece (sub-case). An adjacency matrix may represent these nested graph-structured cases. Within our approach,...
Case retrieval is an important problem in several commercially significant application areas, such as industrial configuration and manufacturing problems. In this paper we extend the Bayesian probability theory based approaches to case-based reasoning, focusing on the case matching task, an essential part of any case retrieval system. Traditional approaches to the case matching problem typically rely...
Object-oriented case representations require approaches for similarity assessment that allow to compare two differently structured objects, in particular, objects belonging to different object classes. Currently, such similarity measures are developed more or less in an ad-hoc fashion. It is mostly unclear, how the structure of an object-oriented case model, e.g., the class hierarchy, influences similarity...
rules and specific fact situations interact in a highly complex fashion in engineering ethics, a weak analytic domain. In such domains, the construction of arguments or explanations does not rely on formal methods or proofs. Rather, experienced reasoners appear to address problems by applying ethical principles using a variety of techniques. In our study of a national engineering society's set of...
In this paper, we present a framework for the definition of similarity measures using lattice-valued functions. We show their strengths (particularly for combining similarity measures). Then we investigate a particular instantiation of the framework, in which sets are used both to represent objects and to denote degrees of similarity. The paper concludes by suggesting some generalisations of the findings.
Case retrieval is a complex and important stage of the overall CBR process, involving situation assessment and a flexible combination of case memory search and matching. The goal of the paper is to discuss a retrieval approach in a case library organized through classes of prototypes. Situation assessment is realized with a Bayesian classification step, aimed at defining a uniform framework for feature...
The amount of user interaction is a prime cost factor in interactive program verification. This paper analyzes situations in which the reuse of previous proofs can help reducing these costs. In particular, it describes a technique that reuses subproofs in the verification of invariants of state transition systems. This technique replays decisions of generalized previous proof attempts from the same...
A set of efficient algorithms for case retrieval from a case base of trees labeled on both nodes and edges is proposed. They extend the best known algorithm for solving the subtree-isomorphism problem. A branch and bound technique and a general definition of similarity between trees is considered. Both the case structure, i.e. the graph structure, and his semantic part, the labels, is taken into account...
Dutch Railways use a special train for the ultrasonic inspection of rails. The output of the ultrasonic scanning system installed on the train consists of echo images — so-called B-scans. The B-scans are classified according to the images of rail constructions, noise artefacts, and/or defects that they contain. Currently, at TNO Institute of Applied Physics a hybrid rule-based / case-based classification...
This paper describes an approach to selecting appropriate causal models for engineering diagnosis. We have chosen a hybrid approach which is a combination of model composition and model reuse. Model composition permits reasoning with multiple models that contain explicit assumptions. Difficulties related to intractability during model composition are reduced by model reuse. We are currently validating...
Given the processing speed of the best chess computer is 200 million times faster in terms of positions evaluated per second than a human chess expert, a grandmaster, the question is not how can a computer beat a chess grandmaster but rather how do chess grandmasters beat computers? In computing terms, the human expert's strength lies in the ability to significantly prune the search tree and to correctly...
The concern of this paper is to lay the fundamentals for applying Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) techniques to the reuse of electronic designs. It describes the requirements of such an application from the CBR point of view. Possible solutions to problems that are new to CBR are proposed and a first working prototype is presented. This work builds an outline for the research project READee. It...
Rapid prototyping in object-oriented programming requires effective retrieval of reusable classes. This paper describes the methods used in the retrieval phase of a case-based component in a prototyping tool for the Java programming language. The case-based tool aids in class retrieval and reuse. Java has a reflective ability in the sense that classes may be asked for their methods, fields, constructors,...
In this paper, we present our case-based browsing advisor for the Web, called Broadway. Broadway follows a group of users during their navigations and supports an indirect collaboration to recommend Web pages to visit next. Broadway uses case-based reasoning to reuse precise experiences extracted from past navigations with a time-extended situation assessment, i.e. the recommendations are based mainly...
By generalising our common experience, this paper addresses case-based reasoning that employs reformulations. Reformulation is useful when standard mapping is insufficient to retrieve a case. The paper provides a definition of reformulation and shows how reformulation is linked to retrieval and adaptation in the case-based reasoning cycle. Examples from case-based proof planning and case-based synthesis...
Paradoxically, the knowledge acquisition effort associated with rule-based approaches to case adaptation is precisely the overhead that CBR aims to reduce. An adaptation heuristic for case-based estimation is presented which does not rely on domain-specific rules. The approach has been implemented in a case-based reasoner called CREST (Case-based Reasoning for ESTimation) in which the concept of case...
Experience with the growing number of large-scale CBR systems has led to increasing recognition of the importance of case-base maintenance. Multiple researchers have addressed pieces of the case-base maintenance problem, considering such issues as maintaining consistency and controlling case-base growth. However, despite the existence of these cases of case-base maintenance, there is no general framework...
The competence of a case-based system (the range of problems it can solve) depends critically on the cases in the case-base. However, the precise relationship between cases and overall competence is a complex one. For example, some cases can be critical to competence, while others may be largely redundant. In this paper we present, and evaluate, a new model of case competence. We argue that this model...
This paper describes an architecture which supports the user of a CBR system during the modelling and maintaining of the used knowledge. Different maintenance operations are described and characterised along different dimensions. We give an overview of possible operations with their resulting repair strategies. Exemplary, we describe two operations in detail. We examine the impact of maintenance operations...
Apart from the classification accuracy the solution time is one of the most critical factors in real world applications, especially in real-time intelligent systems. Maximum time t is often known and it must not be exceeded during solving a new case. Knowing parameter t in Case-Based Reasoning systems, the maximum size of the case base can be determined in such a way that the solution time is shorter...
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